Vitamin B12 RDA

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A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

Vitamin B12

What is the recommended dietary intake for vitamin B12?

Recommendations for vitamin B12 are provided in the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) developed by the Institute of Medicine of the National Academy of Sciences [7]. Dietary Reference Intakes is the general term for a set of reference values used for planning and assessing nutrient intake for healthy people. Three important types of reference values included in the DRIs are Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA), Adequate Intakes (AI), and Tolerable Upper Intake Levels (UL). The RDA recommends the average daily intake that is sufficient to meet the nutrient requirements of nearly all (97-98%) healthy individuals in each age and gender group [7]. An AI is set when there is insufficient scientific data available to establish a RDA. AIs meet or exceed the amount needed to maintain a nutritional state of adequacy in nearly all members of a specific age and gender group [7]. The UL, on the other hand, is the maximum daily intake unlikely to result in adverse health effects [7]. Table 2 lists the RDAs for vitamin B12, in micrograms (μg), for children and adults.

Table 2: Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA) for vitamin B12 for children and adults [7]Age

Age (years)	Males and Females (μg/day)	Pregnancy (μg/day)	Lactation (μg/day)
1-3	0.9	N/A	N/A
4-8	1.2	N/A	N/A
9-13	1.8	N/A	N/A
14-18	2.4	2.6	2.8
19 and older	2.4	2.6	2.8

There is insufficient information on vitamin B₁₂ to establish a RDA for infants. Therefore, an Adequate Intake (AI) has been established that is based on the amount of vitamin B₁₂ consumed by healthy infants who are fed breast milk. Table 3 lists the Adequate Intakes for vitamin B₁₂, in micrograms (μg), for infants.

Table 3: Adequate Intake for vitamin B₁₂ for infants

Age (months)	Males and Females (μg/day)
0-6 months	0.4
7-12 months	0.5

What is vitamin B12?

What foods provide vitamin B12?

When is a deficiency of vitamin B12 likely to occur?

What is the health risk of too much vitamin B12?